Subhash Chandra Bose (known as “Netaji”) was a prominent Indian nationalist leader and freedom fighter who played a key role in India’s freedom struggle against British rule.
Early life and education
Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack (today’s Odisha) to mother Prabhavati Bose and father Janakinath Bose.
The birth anniversary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose is celebrated as Parakram Divas. His entire life is an example of courage and bravery.
Subhash was the ninth child of his parents. Janakinath Bose, was a government lawyer. Subhash Chandra Bose studied at the Presidency College and the Scottish Church College in Calcutta (Kolkata). Bose studied both Indian and Western philosophies. On one hand he was influenced by Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda, on the other hand he also studied philosophers like Kant and Hegel.
In the year 1916, Bose was expelled from the Presidency College for nationalist activities. After that his parents sent him to Cambridge University in England to prepare for the Indian Civil Service. In 1920 he passed the Civil Services Examination. At that time there were six vacancies in ICS. In August, 1920, Subhash Bose stood fourth in this examination. However, in April, 1921, after hearing about nationalist turmoil in India, he resigned his candidacy and returned to India.
Subhash Chandra Bose Biography
| Name: Subhash Chandra Bose |
| Date of Birth: January 23, |
| Place of Birth: Cuttack, Odisha |
| Parents: Janakinath Bose (Father), Prabhavati Devi (Mother) |
| Spouse: Emily Schenkel |
| Children: Anita Bose Pfaff |
| Education: Ravenshaw Collegiate School, Cuttack; Presidency College, Calcutta; University of Cambridge, England |
| Union (political party): Indian National Congress; Forward Block; Indian National Army |
| Movement: Indian Independence Movement |
| Political Ideology: Nationalism; Communism; fascism chief |
| Religious Beliefs: Hinduism |
| Famous: Netaji |
Subhash Chandra Bose: In the struggle for freedom
At the age of 24, Subhash Bose reached India in Bombay on the morning of July 16, 1921. Bose joined the non-cooperation movement started by Gandhiji. His mentor was Chittaranjan Das who was a staunch supporter of nationalism in Bengal.
He started the newspaper ‘Swaraj’ and took charge of the publicity of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee. In the year 1923, Bose was also elected President of the Indian Youth Congress and Secretary of the Bengal State Congress. He was also the editor of the newspaper ‘Forward’ founded by Chittaranjan Das. When Das was elected Mayor of Calcutta in 1924, Bose worked for him as CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation.
After this, Bose was exiled to Burma (Myanmar) by the British government because he was suspected of having links with secret revolutionary movements.
By the time he was released from jail in 1927, Chittaranjan Das had died. Bose was elected President of Bengal Congress. Soon thereafter he and Jawaharlal Nehru became the two General Secretaries of the Indian National Congress.
According to various articles written on Bose, Subhash was imprisoned a total of 11 times in his public life. He was released and then re-arrested several times for his suspected role in violent movements. He was eventually released due to poor health and allowed to go to Europe for treatment.
While ill in Europe, he wrote The Indian Struggle, 1920–1934 and presented India’s case to European leaders. In Europe, Bose married Emilie Schenkl. They also had a child there. The girl was named Anita Bose.
When Subhash returned from Europe in 1936, he was again detained and released after a year. In the year 1941, Bose was under British surveillance, but he escaped through Afghanistan in disguise. More dissatisfied than ever with the efforts of the Congress, he turned to Europe to seek support from the Axis Powers to help drive the British out of India.
In Nazi Germany Bose met Adolf Hitler and founded the Free India Center in Berlin, from where he spent a year broadcasting freedom messages. Germany also helped Bose establish a small army, the Free India Legion. In 1943, Bose left his wife and daughter and went to Japan where he found great sympathy for the Indian struggle. He established Azad Hind, the interim government of independent India, in Singapore. Japan supported Bose in reviving the Indian National Army (INA) in 1943 and about 40,000 soldiers were recruited. But due to America dropping atomic bombs on Japan, Japan surrendered. On August 15, 1945, Bose announced the end of the INA during a radio broadcast from Singapore.
After the war, Bose’s activities and ultimate fate are shrouded in mystery. He is believed to have died in a plane crash in Taiwan on August 18, 1945. However, some people also point towards a conspiracy in this plane crash. Bose’s legacy as a nationalist and freedom fighter lives on in the history of India, and Subhash remains a respected figure in the country’s freedom struggle. Through this article, we pay our respects to Subhash Chandra Bose on behalf of Ultranews.
When is Subhash Chandra Bose’s birthday?
23 January, 1897
By what name is Subhash Chandra Bose’s birthday celebrated?
Parakarm Diwas
When did Subhash Chandra Bose die?
He is believed to have died in a plane crash in Taiwan on August 18, 1945.
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