A recent study conducted by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) in India has brought to light significant changes in the religious composition of the country, showing a noticeable decline in the population share of the Hindu majority, alongside increases in minority communities.
According to the research findings, between 1950 and 2015, the proportion of Hindus in India's population decreased from 84% to 78%, marking a 7.8% decrease. In contrast, the Muslim population saw a substantial increase of 43.15%, while Christians experienced a rise of 5.38%, Sikhs 6.58%, and Buddhists a slight increase.
The study, which analyzed data from 167 countries, highlighted that India's demographic trends align with global patterns where majorities in several nations are shrinking as minority groups grow. This contrasts with population trends in neighboring South Asian countries, where majority communities have generally seen increases. For instance, Bangladesh reported the highest increase in its Muslim majority at 18.5% in the region, followed by smaller rises in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In contrast, Myanmar witnessed a 10% decline in its Theravada Buddhist majority.
In response to these demographic shifts, the authors of the study suggest that these changes reflect a broader global movement toward greater societal diversity, supported by policies promoting minority rights and inclusion. They emphasized that the increase in minority populations in India signals effective governance and policy frameworks that prioritize diversity and the welfare of minority communities.
While the report does not delve into the specific factors driving these demographic changes, it underscores their implications for societal diversity and policy effectiveness. The study's findings have sparked discussions on social media and among policy analysts regarding their impact on social harmony, political representation, and policy-making in India. There is an emphasis on the continued commitment to fostering an inclusive society that respects and protects minority rights.
This study sheds light on the evolving religious landscape of India and its broader implications for social cohesion and governance, prompting further exploration and dialogue on strategies to ensure equitable representation and inclusivity for all communities.